Voltage Divider using resistors - Voltage regulator

A voltage divider circuit is a very common regulator circuit that takes high voltage input and converts it into a lower voltage output or we can say it is a simple DC-DC step-down circuit,
it requires a pair of resistors to do the working.


The formula for calculating the output voltage is given by ohms law, 

Vout =  (Vin x R2) / (R1 + R2),

Where, 

Vout is the output voltage,

Vin is the input voltage,

R1 is the first resistor and R2 is the secondary resistor,

Example circuit:- 


For a variable voltage output, we can use a 10k ohm potentiometer( variable resistor) with a fixed 1k ohm resistor. 
The input voltage will be around 12V and the output will vary from 1V to 10V. 

Vin = 12 V , R1 = 1000 ohm or 1K ohm , R2 = 10K potentiometer( Variable)